High strength steel in structural masonry

The trend towards the use of higher grades of steel reinforcement is not new but dates back many decades, when Grade 60 bars entered the market and started replacing Grade 40 bars. Nowadays, Grade 40 bars are rarely manufactured as Grade 60 has become the most widely used steel grade in the United States. It appears this trend is continuing with the increasing availability of reinforcement of higher grades, making it imperative that the masonry industry be able to adapt, should the steel industry respond to the trend by producing more high strength reinforcement and less Grade 60 reinforcement.

Adopting high strength steel reinforcement will broaden the masonry design options available to engineers and may enhance the competitiveness of masonry in the construction market. However, the lack of analytical and experimental evidence combined with code limitations are currently restraining engineers from using high strength steel reinforcement in masonry design. For example, TMS 402-16 8.3.3.1 specifies a maximum allowable stress of 32,000 psi with reference to Grade 60 steel reinforcement. In strength design, flexural reinforcement is limited to rebar strength of 60,000 psi according to TMS 402-16 9.1.9.3. The goal of this project is to make a leap forward that will enable the use of high strength steel reinforcement in masonry design. For this purpose, a study is conducted to understand the use of high strength steel, in terms of material savings, constructability, and considerations in the masonry design.

Presentations:

1. 14th North American Masonry Conference (2023). “Numerical Investigation of the Bond Behavior Between High Strength Steel Bars and Concrete Masonry.” by Waleed M. Khan, PhD Student.

2. 14th North American Masonry Conference (2023). “Experimental Study for the Bond Development of High-Strength Steel Reinforcement in Structural Masonry.” by Omar Khalid, MSc Student.

3. The Masonry Society Fall Meetings (2022). “Creating a Roadmap to Adoption of High Strength Steel in Structural Masonry.”

Publications:

1. Khalid, O., Khan, W., and Kalliontzis, D. (2024). “Evaluating Lap-Splice Length Requirements for Grade 80 Deformed Bars in Structural Masonry.” ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1061/JSENDH.STENG-13571

2. Kalliontzis, D., Khan, W., and Parayuli, S. (2024). A progress report to the National Concrete Masonry Association (NCMA). “Project Title: Creating a Road Map to Code Adoption of High Strength Steel in Concrete Masonry - Phase II.” Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas.

3. A report to the Brick Industry Association (BIA): IMPROVING BOND OF HIGH STRENGTH STEEL IN CLAY MASONRY WITH THE USE OF FIBER-REINFORCED GROUT - GRADE 80 BARS (2023)

4. A Report to Western States Clay Products Association (WSCPA): CREATING A ROAD MAP TO CODE ADOPTION OF HIGH STRENGTH STEEL IN CLAY MASONRY -GRADE 80 BARS (2023)

5. Khan, M. W., Khalid, O., and Kalliontzis, D. (2023). “Numerical Investigation of the Bond Behavior Between High Strength Steel Bars and Concrete Masonry.” 14th North American Masonry Conference, Omaha, Nebraska.

6. Khalid, O., Khan, W., Kalliontzis, D., and Hochwalt, J. (2023). “Experimental Study for the Bond Development of High-Strength Steel Reinforcement in Structural Masonry.” 14th North American Masonry Conference, Omaha Nebraska.

7. Kalliontzis, D., Khalid, O., and Khan, W. (2023). “Creating a road map to code adoption of high strength steel in concrete masonry: Phase I,” NCMA Progress Report, 9/29/2023.

8. Kalliontzis, D., Khalid, O., and Khan, W. (2023). “Creating a road map to code adoption of high strength steel in concrete masonry - Phase I.” Report No. NCMA-G0508144, 10/23/2023.

9. Khalid, O. (2023). “High-strength reinforcing Bars (HSRB) and TMS 402: A first study on Grade 80 (550 MPa) bars.” MSc Thesis, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, December 2023.

10. Khalid, O., and Kalliontzis, D. (2023). “High-strength reinforcing bars (HSRBs) and TMS 402: A first study on Grade 80 bars.” TMS Journal, December 2023.

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